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Petrographic Analysis of Concrete (Optical, SEM, Stereo)

Petrographic examination is commonly the method of choice when evaluating the microscale condition of hardened concrete. Examinations are carried out in compliance with guidelines provided in ASTM C856 “Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete”. Petrography aids in the assessment of quality, durability, and causes of deterioration in concrete. Various other construction materials such as aggregates, mortar, grout, plaster, and stucco may also be examined using this technique.  Petrographic analysis is carried out using a combination of tools including: visual inspection, stereomicroscopic evaluation, polarized light microscopy (PLM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Various sample methods can be used such as powder mounts, fractured surfaces, fluorescent dye impregnated polished thin sections, and epoxy impregnated polished sections.

.Additional standard reference methods are also used from which the following information can be derived:

  • Condition of the concrete
  • Estimation of air content
  • Mix design
  • Quality of cement and aggregate
  • Type and quantity of mineral admixture
  • Water-to-cement (W/C) ratio of concrete
  • Causes of distress or deterioration
  • Alkali silica or alkali carbonate reactions
  • Sulfate attack
  • Acid attack
  • Delayed ettringite formation (DEF)
  • Fire damage
  • Freeze thaw damage
  • Air void analysis (As described by ASTM C 457)
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